Perhaps, an increased ages or knowledge huge difference you are going to deteriorate the fresh new wife’s position regarding marital family
We estimate Eq. (1) by replacing Dij (Bij) with three different sets of dowry and bride price paid to others (i.e., \( \overlinej>> \) and \( \overlinej>> \) , \( \overline> \) and \( \overline> \) , or the community-based dowry and bride price), and three sets of reduced-form estimation results are presented in Table 4. Each panel presents estimation results of a reduced-form regression with a different set of dowry and bride price paid to others. To be comparable with Panel A, the OLS estimation results with women who have at least one brother and one sister are presented in Appendix Table 8. The reduced-form estimation results support the main OLS estimation results shown in Table 2. That is, women enjoy higher status in the ily that tends to exchange higher dowries and when they come from a higher-dowry village, whereas a larger bride price is negatively associated with these same traits. Here, the amount of bride price paid to the wife’s sisters by their in-laws is significantly negatively associated with the wife’s autonomy. The third set, i.e., the community-based dowry and bride price, does not show any significant association with women’s status. This is likely because relatively weaker association between the community-based dowry (bride price) and the personal dowry (bride price) that the bride receives from her parents (in-laws) than other two sets. The estimates for other coefficients are not inconsistent with those shown in Table 2 and are available upon request.
Dining table 4 Relationship anywhere between dowry/bride-to-be price (paid off by the inside the-legislation off sisters, anyone else throughout the community and you can area) and you can wife’s updates on the marital home (OLS)
cuatro.3 Dialogue and you may robustness checks
Inside the choosing the new women’s position throughout the marital household, the effect of your own internet dowry (dowry without bride speed) get matter. New estimate process is actually frequent by substitution dowry and bride to be price that have internet dowry (Appendix Table 9, Committee Good). Note that the amount of deferred mehr is roofed individually from the online dowry since former has never been paid unless breakup happens and should not meet the requirements assets delivered towards the relationship. The outcome suggest that the fresh assets produced to your ount) boost their unique decision-and come up with energy and independency. These types of positive contacts commonly shocking since the newest connectivity off bride-to-be rates paid during the time of marriage work with restrict so you can that from dowry in the primary estimations.
In addition to ages change along with studies differences (replacement brand new husband’s many years and degree) cannot change the chief outcomes, in addition to coefficients of these details are not extreme (Appendix Dining table 9, Committee B).
One to might argue that the number of many years since matrimony is actually important since the end result of dowry (otherwise bride rates) is higher appropriate wedding. As well as many years as ount from dowry (substitution female’s years from the relationship) magnifies the base effect of dowry https://lovingwomen.org/da/guatemalanske-kvinder/ from inside the ladies liberty but reduces the magnitude in addition to benefit height into the ladies decision-making (Appendix Desk nine, Committee C). Meaning one to a larger dowry escalates the wife’s flexibility during the the newest marital house shortly after wedding; yet not, the fresh new connection isn’t significantly affected by brand new passage of age given that relationship.
Zero measure of gender ideology is roofed in the primary estimation because of endogeneity inquiries. You to definitely you will argue that addition of these procedures could possibly get undermine the new connection ranging from dowry and you may women’s updates about relationship family. While we usually do not refute the chance that choice and you can ideological philosophy regarding gender connections aren’t built-in and change along the marital life, the fresh new estimation procedure try regular by the together with two tips having child preference: the initial variable translates to one to if wife’s best number of sons is actually greater than that of daughters additionally the next means you to definitely when the partner really wants to promote degree so you’re able to sons as opposed to to daughters. Dealing with to have gender ideology will not considerably impact the main estimate show (Appendix Dining table 9, Committee D). Surprisingly, ladies decision-making try definitely on the son preference. However, it is adversely on the taste having getting degree to help you sons as compared with daughters. A possible interpretation would be the fact very knowledgeable feminine can be up against gender inequality in the degree and become far more empowered in the marital domestic but choose that have so much more sons than just daughters. That it looks in line with particular present studies showing that young man liking is much more common certainly extremely experienced female instead of uneducated female during the South Asia (Das Gupta 1987; Muhuri and Preston 1991).